Explanation of Article 485
This article establishes a general rule regarding subsequent ratification of an act. If the principal ratifies the agent's act, this ratification takes the status of prior agency and applies to the act.
An application of this rule is found in Article (152) of the Agency Rules: "If the beneficiary ratifies what the interloper has done, he is considered an agent for it."
If the beneficiary becomes aware of the act and remains silent or does not object, he is considered to have ratified it. In the event of his refusal of the act, the rules of unjust enrichment apply. If he ratifies it, the beneficiary is bound by what the interloper has done.
If the interloper borrows without a legitimate reason or without representation, he is considered a debtor, and ratification in this case is considered an exoneration of the interloper. The effects between the beneficiary and the interloper revert to the time the act commenced.
Related To
Article 485
The post authorization of a disposition shall be deemed a power of attorney for such disposition established prior thereto.