Chapter 1

Chapter 1

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• Section 1 : Right of Ownership
• Sub-section 1 : General Provisions
• Firstly : Scope of the Right
• Article 608 : What the Right of Ownership Entitles the Owner
• Article 609 : What the Ownership Includes
• Article 610 : Prohibition of the Owner from His Property or Its Removal
• Second : Ownership Restrictions
• Article 611 : Restrictions on the Employer's Exercise of Rights
• Article 612 : Attachment of Ownership with the Right of Others
• Article 613 : Owner's Harm to the Neighbor
• Article 614 : Making any alteration to the common wall
• Article 615 : Raising the Common Wall or Rebuilding or Repairing It
• Article 616 : Demolition of the Owner's Wall with the Neighbor's Property Concealed by It
• Article 617 : Condition by the Owner Preventing the Transferee from Disposing
• Article 618 : Effect of Breach of the Non-Disposal Clause
• Third : Common Ownership and Its Partition
• Article 619 : The Nature of Common Ownership and the Shares of Partners Therein
• Article 620 : Regulations Governing a Partner's Disposition, Exploitation, and Use of Their Share
• Article 621 : Management of Common Property, and Management by One Partner Without the Others
• Article 622 : Dispute Among Partners in the Management of Common Property
• Article 623 : Change and modification in common property beyond the limits of ordinary management
• Article 624 : The Partner's Right to Preserve Common Property
• Article 625 : Bearing the Expenses of Managing and Preserving Common Property
• Article 626 : Contractual Division of Common Property
• Article 627 : Judicial Partition of Common Property
• Article 628 : Regulations for Judicial Partition and Sale of Common Shares at Auction
• Article 629 : Creditor's Objection to the Division of Common Property or Its Sale at Auction Without Inclusion
• Article 630 : Emergence of Debt on the Deceased After the Division of the Estate
• Article 631 : Annulment of the Contractual Division and the Statute of Limitations for the Claim Therein
• Article 632 : Guarantee of Entitlement to the Dividend and Exemption Therefrom
• Article 633 : Time of Co-owner's Acquisition of Their Share
• Article 634 : The Reality of Job Sharing
• Article 635 : Duration of Enjoyment in Temporal Alternation, and Place of Enjoyment in Spatial Alternation
• Article 636 : Application of Lease Contract Provisions to Time-Sharing
• Article 637 : Agreement of the Partners on the Temporary Use Until Division is Completed
• Article 638 : Disputes Among Partners Regarding Division and Allocation
• Article 639 : Effect of the Death of a Partner on the Termination of Partnership
• Fourth : Ownership of Real Estate Units
• Article 640 : Provisions on Ownership of Real Estate Units
• Sub-section 2 : Modes of Acquiring Ownership
• Firstly : Possession of Permissible Items
• Article 641 : The Nature of Permissible Movable Property and Its Ownership by Possession
• Article 642 : Provisions on Minerals, Hydrocarbon Substances, Waste, Water, Lost Property, Antiquities, and Fishing
• Article 643 : Provisions of State Real Estate
• Second : Acquisition of Ownership through Guarantee, Inheritance, and Will
• Article 644 : Acquisition of Ownership by Compensation (Acquisition of Ownership by Guarantee)
• Article 645 : Acquisition of Ownership by Inheritance
• Article 646 : Acquisition of Ownership by Will
• Article 647 : Disposition in Death Illness by Donation or Exchange with Favoritism
• Article 648 : Disposition by a Person to One of Their Heirs with Retention of Possession for Life
• Third : Accession
• Article 649 : The Owner's Development on His Land at His Own Expense
• Article 650 : Creation by Landowner on His Land with Materials Owned by Others
• Article 651 : Creation by a Third Party on Another's Land with Materials Owned by the Creator
• Article 652 : Construction by a Third Party in Good Faith on Another's Land with Materials Owned by the Constructor
• Article 653 : Encroachment by a Landowner in Good Faith on Adjacent Land
• Article 654 : Connection of Movables Owned by Different Owners in a Manner That Cannot Be Separated
• Section 1 : Contract
• Article 655 : Transfer of Ownership and Real Rights by Contract
• Article 656 : Designation of the Contract Location and Its Effect on the Transfer of Ownership
• Article 657 : Completion of Legal Procedures for the Transfer of Ownership or Real Rights
• Fifth : Pre-emption
• Article 658 : The Right of Pre-emption
• Article 659 : Meeting of More Than One Preemptor
• Article 660 : Right of Pre-emption in Cases of Multiple Sales
• Article 661 : Time of Establishing Pre-emption
• Article 662 : Regulation for Establishing Pre-emption Rights
• Article 663 : Effect of the Death of the Seller, Buyer, or Preemptor on the Right of Preemption
• Article 664 : Partition of Pre-emption
• Article 665 : Cases Where Pre-emption is Not Established
• Article 666 : Circumstances in Which Pre-emption Rights are Forfeited
• Article 667 : Prescription of Pre-emption Claim
• Article 668 : The Person Against Whom the Pre-emption Suit is Filed, and the Time Limit for the Pre-emptor to Deposit the Price
• Article 669 : Time of Establishment of Pre-emption Right in Sold Property
• Article 670 : Subrogation of the Preemptor Against the Seller in Place of the Buyer
• Article 671 : Provisions for Increase and Decrease in the Preempted Property
• Article 672 : Request by the Preemptive Right Holder for Non-Effectiveness of Purchaser's Actions
• Sub-section 3 : Effect of Possession on Ownership
• Article 673 : Nature of Possession
• Article 674 : Presumption of Possession over Ownership in Case of Dispute
• Article 675 : Good Faith in Possession
• Article 676 : The Effect of Good Faith on the Possessor of Fruits, and the Seizure of Natural or Newly Created Fruits and Civil Fruits
• Article 677 : Bearing the Expenses Incurred by the Possessor
• Article 678 : Effect of Good Faith on the Responsibility of the Holder
• Section 2 : Rights Ancillary to the Right of Ownership
• Sub-section 1 : Right of Usufruct
• Article 679 : The Nature of the Right of Usufruct
• Article 680 : Acquisition of the Right of Usufruct
• Article 681 : Considerations in the Rights and Obligations of the Beneficiary
• Article 682 : Fruits of the Benefited Object
• Article 683 : Limits of Use and the Owner's Right to Object to Usage
• Article 684 : Bearing the Costs of Maintenance and Preservation of the Benefited Asset
• Article 685 : Due Care Required in Preserving the Benefited Object
• Article 686 : Destruction of the Benefited Object After the Period of Use and Before Its Return to the Owner
• Article 687 : What the Beneficiary is Required to Inform the Owner About
• Article 688 : Consumption of Consumable Movables by the Beneficiary Along with the Benefited
• Article 689 : Effect of the Union of the Owner and Beneficiary Status
• Article 690 : Termination of the Right of Use Upon Expiration of the Term or Death of the Beneficiary
• Article 691 : Termination of the Right of Use Due to the Destruction of the Benefited Asset
• Article 692 : Termination of the Right of Use by the Beneficiary's Waiver of the Right of Use
• Article 693 : Statute of Limitations for Claims of Usufruct Rights
• Sub-section 2 : Right of Use and Right of Habitation
• Article 694 : Limitation of the Right of Usufruct to the Right of Use or Right of Habitation
• Article 695 : Limits of the Right of Use and the Right of Residence
• Article 696 : Waiver of the Right of Use or Right of Habitation
• Article 697 : Application of the Provisions of the Right of Usufruct to the Right of Use and the Right of Habitation
• Sub-section 3 : Right of Endowment
• Article 698 : Provisions of the Right of Endowment
• Sub-section 4 : Right of Easement
• Firstly : Establishment of Easement Rights
• Article 699 : The Nature of Easement Rights
• Article 700 : Acquisition of Easement Rights
• Article 701 : Apparent Easement Between Two Separate Properties Owned by a Single Owner, and the Transfer of Rights Upon the Transfer of Ownership of One or Both Properties
• Second : Some Types of Easement Rights
• Article 702 : Regulation of the Establishment of Right of Passage, and Its Prohibition After Establishment
• Article 703 : Right of Passage on Adjacent Property
• Article 704 : Irrigation of Elevated Land from Natural Watercourse
• Article 705 : Utilization of Established Water Channels and Streams
• Article 706 : Excavation of a Channel from the Shared Water Source by One of the Partners
• Article 707 : The Nature of the Right of Passage, and Its Prevention After Establishment
• Article 708 : The Injured Party from Another's Watercourse
• Article 709 : Construction of a Dam to Prevent Water, or Work to Increase Water Load
• Article 710 : Conducting Harmful Drainage on Another's Property or on Roads
• Third : Effects of Easement Rights
• Article 711 : Provisions Governing the Right of Easement
• Article 712 : Bearing the Necessary Expenses for the Use of Easement Rights
• Article 713 : Impact on the Exercise of Easement Rights
• Article 714 : Effect of the Subdivision of the Dominant Property on the Easement Right
• Article 715 : Effect of Subdivision of the Servient Estate on the Easement Right
• Fourth : Termination of Easement Rights
• Article 716 : Termination of Easement Rights
• Article 717 : Statute of Limitations for Claims of Easement Rights
• Article 718 : The Effect of One Partner's Use in Common on Prescription, and the Effect of Suspension of Prescription for One Partner on the Others